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diamond
Sep 8, 2022
diamond
English name: Diamond
Hardness 10 Specific Gravity 3.52
Refractive index 2.42 Birefringence None Diamond luster
Wear: Avoid grease, avoid impact
Diamond is an "elemental mineral". Pure diamonds are composed entirely of carbon (C) and are the only single-element mineral that can be used as gemstones.
"Diamond" is formed in the mantle layer 130-200km deep inside the earth. The temperature must reach 900°C to 1300°C, and the pressure must reach 45,000 to 60,000 atmospheres. Black carbon will be converted into transparent crystals Status, or "Diamond".
During crustal activities such as volcanic eruptions, the rocks containing "diamonds" in the mantle layer may be shattered by the movement of the crust, and the erupted magma is ejected out of the surface and instantly cooled, so it remains intact on the surface layer.
Therefore, diamonds are often mined from volcanic rocks, such as "Kimberlite" (Kimberlite) and "Lamproite" (Lamproite).
Human understanding of diamonds
The first people to understand the existence of diamonds were Indians. According to Indian legend, Indian slaves found diamonds of more than 100 carats by the sea 3,000 years ago. Jewelers in ancient India believed that wearing a flawed diamond would bring bad luck, while a flawless diamond would bring lifelong happiness, luck and wealth to those with pure bodies.
Although people now associate diamonds with love, the symbol has only become popular in recent times, mainly because diamonds were too rare in the past, and it was not until the discovery of African diamond mines in the 19th century that enough diamonds appeared in commercial circulation.
Mining history
Alluvial deposits in India and Borneo were the only known source of diamonds from ancient times until the 18th century, with the discovery of an important Brazilian mine in 1725. South African deposits were discovered in the second half of the 19th century; Siberian deposits were discovered in the 1950s; Australia briefly became the most important diamond producer in the 1980s; Canada also began commercialization in the late 1990s Diamond mining.
Important gem-quality diamond producing countries currently include: Angola, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, China, Congo, Namibia, Russia, Sierra Leone, South Africa and Tanzania.
diamond color
Pure white diamonds contain only C element; yellow diamonds contain N elements; pink diamonds are caused by displacement of carbon atoms; green diamonds are caused by radiation; blue diamonds contain B elements.
Care of diamonds
Diamonds are lipophilic, so avoid hand creams or soaps when wearing them.
Although diamonds are hard, their crystal properties have complete cleavage and may break when struck at certain angles, so avoid harsh strikes.
Jewelry processing guns have the potential to oxidize the surface of the diamond, or cause the fillers of the diamond to be destroyed. Ultrasonic cleaners should be avoided for lead-glass-optimized diamonds.
Diamond Grading Factors
Diamonds are graded based on four main factors, often referred to as the "4Cs".
Carat: The weight of the gemstone.
Color: The grade of a color, its relative whiteness, or the rarity and beauty of a color.
Clarity: The degree of inclusions and fissures.
Cut: The shape and quality of the cut.
diamond crystal
Diamond is a cubic crystal system, the common crystal habit is octahedron, but also some more complex crystal shapes such as dodecahedron, and triangular flake twins known as "Macle". Triangular pits, also known as "trigons", can sometimes be observed on the crystal faces of the octahedron.
Composition and Types of Diamonds
The main component of diamond is C, which can reach more than 99.95%, the secondary components are N (nitrogen), B (boron), H (hydrogen), and the trace elements are Si, Ca, Mg, Mn, Ti, Cr, S, inert There are more than 50 kinds of gases and rare elements, and these secondary components determine the type, color and physical properties of diamonds.
Type Ia: Carbon (C) atoms are replaced by nitrogen (N) atoms, which are present as aggregated impurities in the crystal lattice; colorless to deep yellow, most diamonds fall into this category.
Type Ib: C atoms are replaced by N atoms, and N appears as a single atom in the crystal lattice; colorless to yellow, brown, canary, rare.
Type IIa: No N, C atoms cause defects due to dislocation, high thermal conductivity; colorless to brownish pink, very few.
Type IIb: contains a small amount of "boron" (B) element; it is blue in color and is extremely rare.
Optical properties: high refractive index, isotropic
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